Lesson 13 - Demonstratives - My Notes on "From Alpha to Omega" by Anne Groton

Demonstratives are words that point out or call attention to particular persons or things. They are adjectives but when they are used substantively they become pronouns. 

NOTE - Demonstrative adjectives can come before or after the noun it's modifying, but must be in the predicate position. 

NOTE - The noun being modified may have its definite article, but it is not translated into English. 

ὅδε, ἥδε, τóδε - "This, These"

It Expresses: - Something/one very close to the speaker. "This pencil right here."

                  - What will follow in the next sentence. "These problems will be written about."

Case	Masculine Singular	Feminine Singular	Neuter Singular	Masculine Plural	Feminine Plural	Neuter Plural
Nominative	ὅδε	ἥδε	τóδε	οἵδε	αἵδε	τáδε
Genitive	τοûδε	τῆσδε	τοûδε	τῶνδε	τῶνδε	τῶνδε
Dative	τôιδε	τῇδε	τôιδε	τοîσδε	ταîσδε	τοîσδε
Accusative	τóνδε	τήνδε	τóδε	τούσδε	τáσδε	τáδε
Vocative	–	–	–	–	–	–

NOTE - It is a combination of the normal definite articles and the enclitic δε

NOTE - "ε" is elided if the next word starts with a vowel.

οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο - "This/these" or "that/those"

It Expresses: - Someone/thing close to the speaker. "This house (in front of us)." 

                      - What was said in the previous sentence. "That (what you just said) is absurd." 

                      - Labels someone/thing as well known. "This book (is my journal)." 

                      - Phrase for "the latter". "The latter are better respected." 

Case	Masculine Singular	Feminine Singular	Neuter Singular	Masculine Plural	Feminine Plural	Neuter Plural
Nominative	οὗτος	αὕτη	τοῦτο	οὗτοι	αὗται	ταῦτα
Genitive	τούτου	ταύτης	τούτου	τούτων	τούτων	τούτων
Dative	τούτῳ	ταύτῃ	τούτῳ	τούτοις	ταύταις	τούτοις
Accusative	τοῦτον	ταύτην	τοῦτο	τούτους	ταύτας	ταῦτα
Vocative	–	–	–	–	–	–

NOTE - The nominative may be used in place of the vocative. οὗτος can mean "you there!". 

NOTE - The stem uses "ou" unless the ending contains an eta or alpha, then the stem uses "au". 

NOTE - For Masculine and Feminine, the words (except the nominatives) are formed by either "τούτ + masc. endings" or "ταύτ + pure eta endings".

NOTE - The neuter is formed by "τοῦτ/ταύτ" + endings (but nominative and accusative singular are irregular).

NOTE - The stem can be turned into "τουθ" or "ταυθ" if the following word begins with a rough breathing. 

ἐκεîνος, ἐκείνη, ἐκεîνο - "that, those"

It Expresses:

                  - Something/one far away from the speaker.

                   - Labels something/one as well known. 

                    - Can mean "the former". 

Case	Masculine Singular	Feminine Singular	Neuter Singular	Masculine Plural	Feminine Plural	Neuter Plural
Nominative	ἐκεîνος	ἐκείνη	ἐκεîνο	ἐκεîνοι	ἐκεîναι	ἐκεîνα
Genitive	ἐκείνου	ἐκείνης	ἐκείνου	ἐκείνων	ἐκείνων	ἐκείνων
Dative	ἐκείνῳ	ἐκείνῃ	ἐκείνῳ	ἐκείνοις	ἐκείναις	ἐκείνοις
Accusative	ἐκεîνον	ἐκείνην	ἐκεîνο	ἐκείνους	ἐκείνας	ἐκεîνα
Vocative	–	–	–	–	–	–

NOTE - It is formed by the stem "ἐκεîν" + proper endings.

Chapter Sentences 

1) We were hastening to flee, for then in this place were dangers. 

2) You there, turn into the house and look at these beautiful couches. 

3) They are about to flee the philosopher, because he hits those youths. 

4) Far away from that river y'all will not find these small plants. 

5) By means of these stones will these girls hit the bad boys? 

6) When we will see for ourselves the wars, we will flee for ourselves into this late. 

7) At that time this woman was a slave to that lady but now she is free. 

8) Both the girls and the boys are good, on the one hand the former (are good) because they sacrifice to the gods, on the other hand those boys (are good because) they guard the agora. 

9) The lady say these things, on the one hand this servant has wisdom, on the other hand this one does not. 

10) Rejoice in the gifts, O philosopher, for of these things you are in truth worthy.