Chapter 8 - "Second Declension Neuter Nouns and First/Second Declension Adjectives" - "From Alpha to Omega" by Anne Groton

Greek Adjectives
Adjectives modify nouns. They are genderless stems waiting to be informed by their noun in gender, case, and number. There are two groupings of adjectives in Greek. Type 1 - first and second declension noun endings. Type 2 - third declension noun endings. This chapter will deal only with type one. 

Type 1 Adjectives

Stems ending in eta, iota, or rho and Stems not ending in eta, iota, or rho. 

Stems ending in epsilon, iota, or rho
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nom	ος	ᾱ	ον
Gen	ου	ᾱς	ου
Dat	ῳ	ᾷ	ῳ
Acc	ον	ᾱν	ον
Voc	ε	ᾱ	όνομα
—--------------------------------------------------------------Plural-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Nom	οι	αι	α
Gen	ων	ων	ων
Dat	οις	αις	οις
Acc	ους	ᾱς	α
Voc	οι	αι	α

Stems not ending in epsilon, iota, or rho
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nom	ος	η	ον
Gen	ου	ης	ου
Dat	ῳ	ῃ	ῳ
Acc	ον	ην	ον
Voc	ε	η	όνομα
—-----------------------------------------------------Plural------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nom	οι	αι	α
Gen	ων	ων	ων
Dat	οις	αις	οις
Acc	ους	ᾱς	α
Voc	οι	αι	α

In Greek Lexica adjectives will be presented in the nominative with with each of the feminine, masculine, and neuter endings (from the 1st and 2nd declensions). Example: agathos, n, on. 

Rule: Nouns and adjectives must agree with one another. They may not always look the same, but they must follow the agreement of gender, number, and case. 

Attributive Position 

The adjective qualifies the noun, and is a single unit with definite article and the noun. The adjective does have a definite article. 

Rule: "An adjective has attributive position if it is immediately preceded by a definite article that agrees with the modified noun." 

There can be three different versions of this: 

1) The adjective can go before the noun and share a definite article together. "The good child"

2) The adjective can go after the noun and have its own definite article. This means the adjective is more of an after thought than being emphasized in the first situation. "The child - the good one"

3) The adjective can go after the noun wherein the noun doesn't have a definite article. Therefore the adjective is modifying an indefinite noun. "A child - the one that's good."

Predicate Position 

The adjective is linked to the noun via a verb, and so it is in a predicative position. The adjective doesn't have a definite article. 

Now if there is not a definite article that the adjective has (or shares with the noun) then the adjective is considered to be in the predicate position. This is important because often the verb "to be" is left implied and not written. "Greek frequently omits the linking verb when it is a form of "be," so a complete sentence may consist of just an article, a noun, and a predicate adjective." 

"The child [is] good." 

"Good [is] the child."

If one speaks about a totally abstract or indefinite noun, then no definite article is used for either the noun or the adjective. "A good child" or "good children". 

When Dealing With Predicate Nouns 

"A linking verb may equate the subject with a predicate noun rather than with a predicate adjective. A predicate noun always has the same case as the subject (nominative) since the two nouns are parallel to each other, but it retains its own gender and number. It is customary not to use a definite article with a predicate noun ... The absence of the article helps to distinguish the predicate noun from the subject, but it also leaves ambiguous whether a definite or indefinite person or thing is meant."